Check local tumor purpose is to determine the site of tumor and surrounding tissue relations, focusing on checking mass and area, lymph node involvement.
1. Lumps
Some of the most common clinical manifestation of cancer patients, attention to check the mass following several characteristics:
(1) tumor: a visual examination, palpation of specific tumor location and extent of tumor invasion. In addition to palpation of internal organs outside the tumor, usually subject to special inspection (such as Imageology inspection, endoscopy) to determine the site.
(2) tumor size: tumors of the length, width and thickness recorded in centimeters, usually only measure the length and width of the tumor (tumor of the longest diameter and the maximum vertical diameter).
(3) the shape of tumors: benign, mostly round or oval, such as fibroma, neurofibroma and adenoma, and lipoma lobulated; malignant tumor with irregular.
(4) tumor border: benign tumor of a complete capsule, clear boundary, the growth of malignant tumors infiltrating the border is unclear.
(5) the hardness of the tumor: cancer and more real hard or tough, the central necrotic cystic sexy; lipoma soft; fibrous tumor, fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and other quality real tough; malignant lymphoma, such as rubber-like hardness, slightly elastic ; thyroid, breast and ovarian cystic tumor capsule was sexy, but tough capsule filled with liquid is real; osteosarcoma generally hard; cavernous lymphangioma with soft compression.
(6), tumor surface: local tumor Check the Process of the tumor surface or flushing of skin color is normal, there are per node, smooth or rough, or basal skin cancer and the Yuan adhesion, skin and subcutaneous vein engorgement situation, with or without ulcer. Benign surface more smooth. More uneven surface of malignant tumor, venous engorgement obvious or ulcer; ulcerated basal cell carcinoma of the skin mostly after the rat-bite-like ulcer.
(7) activity: benign tumor and surrounding tissue per adhesion activity is good; cancer earlier and more activity or activity may be limited, activity in the low post or completely fixed.
(8) tenderness: if tumor tenderness, usually inflammation, trauma, or hematoma; tumor mass usually no tenderness, such as stains rotten, infection or nerve compression adjacent to those more than a mild to moderate or severe tenderness.
(9) Skin temperature: mass of local skin temperature, suggesting that inflammation or vascular tumor; some of the rich in blood vessels of tumors, such as osteosarcoma, angiosarcoma, breast-feeding baby vibration breast cancer, the affected areas of skin and subcutaneous vascular congestion , local skin temperature and more higher.
Local examination of tumors, (10) noise pulse and blood vessels: aortic aneurysm, arteriovenous desolate, racemose hemangioma and malignant tumors rich in blood vessels (eg, osteosarcoma) in the affected area can be touched and heard the blood beating noise.