Esophagus with the typical four-layer structure of the digestive tract, the mucosa, submucosa, muscle layer, the outer membrane composition. Esophageal wall of muscle, in the last 1 / 3 of the striated muscle, lower 1 / 3 is smooth muscle, esophagus 1 / 3 by a mixture of striated and smooth muscle.
Empty when the esophagus, anterior and posterior wall close to the cross-section Chengbian round. Esophageal longitudinal folds of the formation of bags into the lumen prominent. Esophageal mucosa on the longitudinal section of the number of wrinkles and shape change Butterfly larger in the middle and lower section of the mucosal folds are generally busy movement 3_4 longitudinal section. Posts wet film showing normal esophageal smooth, endoscopic observation of mucosal light red color into yellow, submucosal blood special looming.
The organizational structure of esophageal physiology (1) mucosa: the epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis mucosa composition. Mucosa was pale white and red serrated gastric mucosa at the junction responsible for the door. Epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium, adult esophageal epithelial thickness 260_440m, the 20_25 layer composed of thin chest. Superficial epithelial cells with transparent skin pieces, but not really keratinized epithelium. The lowest level of epithelial cells often form a short cylindrical cubic, with the ability to proliferate. In esophageal, gastric epithelial epithelial suddenly. Bottom on the uneven basal lamina is dense connective tissue, dense fiber. In addition to fibroblast cells, macrophages and lymphocytes in common. Muscularis mucosa appeared in the level of the cricoid cartilage, formed by the longitudinal smooth muscle.
The organizational structure of esophageal physiology (2) submucosa: composed of loose connective tissue composed of many thick collagen fibers and elastic fibers. Mucosal and muscle layers connected with nutrition mucous layer in which a larger blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves to and submucosal plexus.
The organizational structure of esophageal physiology (3) myometrium: esophageal muscle is divided into two layers, inner and outer, but not the more neatly circular layer and longitudinal layer. Row for the circular muscle within the muscle, into a spiral ramp to walk the line. Outer longitudinal muscle layer is arranged. Inside and outside the loose connective tissue between the muscular septum.
The organizational structure of esophageal physiology (4) outer membrane: the outer membrane into the loose connective tissue from, connected with the connective tissue around solid. Larger blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerve plexus in this layer out.
Esophageal glands: esophageal gland into the inherent responsibility of esophageal glands and esophageal glands doors are mucus. Esophageal glands distributed throughout the esophagus is common in the first half of muscularis mucosa below the relatively large catheter through muscularis mucosa, openings in the esophageal lumen. Esophageal gland responsible for individual differences in a large door, and sometimes completely absent, glandular mucosal area showing where the different sizes, different shape, smooth and mild depression. Various types of glandular secretion of mucus to lubricate mucosa, easy food through.