Site distribution of esophageal cancer, esophagus on the porting from the lower edge of the cricoid cartilage (the equivalent of 6 cervical level), the neck, chest down through the diaphragm in the thoracic level were equivalent to 11 connected with the stomach, esophagus length of adults 23 – 30cm, length is about 15% of upper incisors to the end of the esophagus was 40 – 45cm. Esophageal lumen was flat, wide 2.5-3cm. Esophageal wall thickness of only 0.3 – 0.4cm, no serosal layer, it is prone to foreign invasion of esophageal cancer and esophageal perforation.
Esophageal cancer site distribution, esophageal wall from the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and adventitia composition. The formation of several longitudinal mucosal folds throw into confusion, swelling in the lumen. Surface coating of non-keratinizing squamous mucosa epithelium. The junction of the esophagus and stomach, a sudden change in the epithelial layer columnar epithelium, obvious boundaries. On the subcutaneous loose connective tissue from the lamina propria, some of them scattered in the lymphoid tissues, both ends of the lamina propria in the esophagus have mucinous tubular branching glands. Muscularis mucosa with one or two layers of smooth muscle fibers, with the main male and tortuous mucosal folds arranged. Submucosa mainly composed of loose connective tissue rich in blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic vessels, and esophageal glands, the ducts from deep through the mucous layer, leading to esophageal lumen. Muscle in the esophagus on the 1 / 3 of the striated muscle; in 1 / 3 of the gradual reduction of skeletal muscle, smooth muscle gradually increased, showing a mixed arrangement; lower 1 / 3 is composed entirely of smooth muscle. Muscle fibers arranged in the inner and outer longitudinal layers. Esophageal wall without serosal, the outer membrane by fibrous connective tissue, and the surrounding connective tissue phase, the outer membrane contains large blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerve plexus.
Cervical esophagus can be divided according to anatomy, thoracic and abdominal segments. Cervical short, about 5cm, 7 since the mouth to the population at the cervical thoracic plane, located behind the trachea, in front of the prevertebral fascia; abdominal segment is very short, about 2cm; thoracic longest, about 18 – 20cm.
Esophagus is generally divided into clinical, and in the next three paragraphs, that the task was a certain practical significance. The upper right chest after esophageal surgery to as well, but in most of the lower esophagus through the left chest surgery. The previous paragraph from the esophagus entrance (the equivalent of 6 cervical level) to the aortic arch on the edge plane; the middle from the aortic arch on the edge to the pulmonary vein plane (ie hilar lower edge); the following paragraph from the pulmonary vein, the lower edge to the gastric cardia. Most national statistics to the middle of esophageal cancer, accounting for 52.7%; lower second, accounting for 33.2%; at least the preceding paragraph, representing 14.1%; foreign Postlethwait and Sealy integrated the 14,181 cases reported in the literature of esophageal cancer, accounting for 7299 cases of middle (51.5%) accounted for 2,174 cases of upper (15.3%), lower total 4708 cases (33.2%).
Esophageal cancer site distribution, the sub-law of the following shortcomings: due to clinical X-ray examination can not accurately locate pulmonary vein, the middle and lower esophagus difficulties the division; aortic arch as a marker is not constant, it is with age flexion extension of the shift. Incisors 32cm. Thoracic: The upper bound for the chest section of the lower bound, lower bound that ben door, away from the upper incisor about 40cm, including esophageal abdominal segment of the paragraph.