Prostate cancer treatment, 1. Surgical treatment: A period and BI on stage tumors , multiple lines of prostate cancer advocate root surgery, the prostate and its capsule and the seminal vesicles after en bloc resection, bladder neck and urethra anastomosis. On the B: 2 stage tumors are treated surgically have different views, because lymph node metastasis in patients with early prostate cancer, so the same time when necessary IIJ pelvic lymph node dissection.
2. Radiation therapy: no distant metastasis or the treatment of bone metastasis of prostate cancer given the Office of the efficacy of radiotherapy and divided into tissue in vitro radiation.
3. Endocrine therapy: the main has been widely used for infiltration, lymph node or distant metastasis in patients with advanced speculation, especially Dz of patients. Growth and development of prostate cancer invasive androgen-dependent large, where the body can reduce androgen levels or androgen effect against the drug or method of treatment effect can be achieved, the current methods commonly used drugs or under the categories:
(1) to the testis surgery: body 90% -95% of androgen from the testis, orchiectomy, serum testosterone decreased rapidly heir to 10% -50mg/100ml. The effect of ancestral right to the 75% effective in patients, tumor in 1 inhibited within weeks, the pain of bone metastases was fast relief, and general non-breast feminization and cardiovascular complications.
(2) estrogen: mechanism of action is generally believed that estrogen can inhibit the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropin (UI), the testicular secretion of Ku intoxicated decreased to castration levels. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, edema, Yang thin, feminine breasts and, most serious problem is that estrogen therapy may aggravate existing cardiovascular disease, such as causing heart failure or myocardial infarction, but accelerate the patient's death, Therefore, when applied to the patient should have a choice.
Prostate cancer (3) gonadotropin – releasing hormone (CnRH): Cn resistance under physiological conditions, the hypothalamic pulse act on the pituitary, and the secretion of anterior pituitary gonadotropin receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH ), because of the role of mesenchymal cells in the testes and the secretion of testosterone reward, FSH is the role of testicular cells in androgen binding protein, so early in the application of GnRH (approximately 1 week), a small number of the patient's symptoms can be aggravated, but the dose to applications, m-and FSH pituitary can run out, so CnRH receptor function to reduce, thereby reducing the level of testis intoxicated, the general administration of 3-4 weeks can be achieved in the castrated state.
(4) anti-adrenergic drugs: often applied after orchiectomy. Orchiectomy, the blood-testis intoxicated levels fall to about 10% of normal, the Ku intoxicated mainly by the adrenal glands, so it used to adrenalectomy, but complicate surgery, is now rarely used.
(5) anti-androgen drugs: mechanism of action with the prostate androgen receptor within the integrated nature of competition, thereby blocking androgen on prostate cells, to achieve the purpose of treatment, steroids can be divided into two with non-steroid categories of drugs.
4. Chemical treatment of prostate cancer after chemotherapy in 1973 for clinical use more formal manner, but the effects are not sure, from the clinical observation after the application of chemotherapy did not seem to significantly improve the survival rate of patients, and chemotherapy are often drug reactions, it is advocated chemotherapy used for patients with stage D2.
5. Freezing treatment generally revealed through the perineal incision the prostate, bladder and seminal vesicles at the bottom of the back, with deep-frozen low-temperature probe (80CC-a 190CC), destroy the tumor tissue. This method is less bleeding, less trauma, treatment with radical surgery was similar in patients and sometimes also promote the immune system, so that bone and lung metastases degraded, large tumor size or poor general condition of patients may choose this law, but the frozen treatment needs special refrigeration equipment, has yet to be generalizable.
Prostate cancer treatment 6. Immunotherapy for radical surgery, radiotherapy and other treatment, a small number of patients with residual tumor tissue in vivo can be cleared immunotherapy trial, you can often improve efficacy and prolong survival. Immunization with BCG vaccine formulations available, short rod vaccine, interferon, serum, tumor vaccine.