The difference between benign and malignant tumors is relative.According to the degree of harm to human body tumor, the relative area is divided into two types, namely benign and malignant tumors.The main difference between the following aspects:
The difference between benign and malignant tumors (a) of theform and structure of the tumor
1.Tumor morphology
(1)Shape: the naked eye, the shape of a variety of tumors, papillary, polypoid, cauliflower-like, lobulated, nodular, cystic Crab-like and so on.Affects the skin or mucous membrane often has a benign polypoid tumor, papillary; or substance occurs in the subcutaneous tissue and benign tumor mostly nodular, lobulated.Cancer in addition to the above variety of shapes, but because of its immersion lubrication growth, shape can be irregular shape, a small number of malignant proliferation of tumor cells, showing diffuse infiltration without indemnity form lumps.Growth in the skin and mucous membranes are often due to come off tumor necrosis and the formation of ulcer.
(2)Color: tumor tissue usually showed the true nature of its origin.Such as epithelial and connective organization of the tumor was gray, hemangioma is bright red or dark red, lipoma yellow, mostly black color pigment swelling of the liver.So sometimes different from the color, generally speculated that the tumor type.
(3)Hardness: tumor tissue generally higher than the hardness of the source increases, the hardness and the type of tumor, with or without degeneration or necrosis related, such as lipoma soft and hard osteoma.
(4)Size: tumor sizes, which is benign tumor, malignant, and the growth time and place parts of a certain relationship.Small can be found only under the microscope, can be up to tens of kilograms large.Benign tumors generally grow more slowly, if a long time to grow larger.Malignant tumor't:.Long fast, but often not wait for the very big to cause serious harm to the human body, it is large in size but rarely held.
(5) by:the majority of single tumor, but may occur simultaneously or successively in several places all the same or different types of tumors, such a situation more common in benign tumors.For example, multiple uterine leiomyomas, colon polyps and skin disease such as neurofibromatosis.
2.Any of the organizational structure of the tumor by the main mass of tumor and stroma of two parts.
Almost any body tissue tumors can occur, so the main mass of tumor shape is varied.Most of the primary tumor mass is constituted by a tumor cell, a small number of the main tumor mass is composed of two totof the tumor cells.Asked Zhong Liu quality, is a tumor in the fiber connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph vessels, etc. for cancer frame, support and nutrition Neoplasms play the main qualitative effect.
The difference between benign and malignant tumors(b) tumor atypia Both tumor cell morphology and tissue structure, are the origin of their normal tissues from different degrees of difference, this difference is called atypia tumor atypia of tumor differentiation on the maturity structure in the form of the performance of the district Do not benign and malignant tumors of the major histological basis.The larger the tumor atypia, tumor cells and the degree of the lower points, the higher the degree of malignancy; the other hand, the smaller atypia, tumor cell differentiation, the more meat, the lower the degree of malignancy.High degree of differentiation of benign, atypia was not obvious, the general organization and its origins are very similar, but due to poorly differentiated cancer, which obviously shaped, table sizes are for the tumor cells, different patterns, disorganized, tumor cell nucleus larger, more deeply stained, shape vary.
To cancer, according to the degree of differentiation, pathological diagnosis were divided into three levels, namely, well differentiated (often called "well differentiated") the asIgrade, poorly differentiated (often called "poorly differentiated" )isclassified as Class II, division was the worst (often called "undifferentiated")isclassified as Class III.
The difference between benign and malignant tumors(c) the metabolic characteristics of tumor metabolism in tumor tissue than normal tissue strong, especially in malignant tumors more apparent.Metabolic characteristics of the tumor to some extent reflect the tumor cell growth and differentiation of immature and relatively unlimited features.
1.Nucleic acid metabolismDNAsynthesis capacity of tumor tissue than normal tissue, hence theDNAandRNAtumor cells were significantly increased.DNAand cell reproduction on split,RNAand protein synthesis and cell growth, and therefore have increased as the tumor DNA provides the material basis for rapid growth.
2.Protein metabolism in tumor tissue protein synthesis and catabolism are strong, but anabolic than catabolic, or even seize the product of protein degradation in normal tissues, for the synthesis of proteins needed for the tumor itself.
3.Glucose metabolism in tumor tissue even in the case of an adequate supply of oxygen to anaerobic glycolysis for energy also.This is a very wasteful way of energy metabolism.The metabolic side-type advanced cancer patients with cachexia have a certain relationship.
4.Enzymes in malignant oxidase general decrease in proteolytic enzymes increased, such as prostate cancer, carcinoma of phosphatase activity was significantly increased; gastric secretion of pepsin weakened.These changes not only found in tumor tissue, it is also found in the serum of patients and help clinical diagnosis.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, benign and malignant tumors have a certain difference between the correct understanding and the difference between benign tumors and malignant is very important, it is the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Is the benign and malignant tumors of the identification of key points listed below.
Must be noted that the main difference between benign and malignant tumors is important, but only in respect only a small point is concerned, is not absolute.Some areas are benign tumors, such as vascular tumors, can be no capsule, ill-defined; and some belong to the range of malignant tumors, such as basal cell carcinoma, although the invasive growth, but generally grow slowly and rarely metastasize .
In addition some tumors of benign and malignant no sharp boundaries between, their atypical form of the performance of both benign and malignant lack of clear evidence.Or morphological characteristics, clinical manifestations are not consistent with the biological behavior.This is benign and malignant tumors between, known as borderline tumors.Such as the salivary gland mixed tumors, such as certain urinary tract papilloma.
The difference between benign and malignant tumors, therefore, in the medical practice, should learn to grasp the nature that reflect the phenomenon of the tumor, the pathology and clinical examination of all aspects of combining comprehensive analysis in order to make the correct diagnosis.