The cause of cholangiocarcinoma is unknown, may be the following factors.
1. Gallstone chronic stimulation of gallstone disease, bile duct changes of chronic inflammation may be the adjustment made one of the factors of bile duct cancer mucosa, reported that about 1 / 3 of cholangiocarcinoma associated with stones, to the highest middle bile duct cancer, bile duct, and more stones; more than hilar cholangiocarcinoma associated with gallstones, the incidence of intrahepatic stones has increased. Than the relationship between gallstones and gallbladder bile duct significant hard to confirm a causal relationship between the two.
The cause of bile duct 2. Biliary cystic disease of the cancer rate of congenital choledochal cyst can be as high as 17.5%, intrahepatic bile duct cysts of the cancer rate of 7% over the groups in the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma over a hundred times. Bile duct cysts may be cancerous cysts bile stasis, chronic infection and bile acids are broken down into a strong carcinogen related. In addition, bile duct cyst is often associated with abnormal membrane and membrane co-channel liquid reflux, long-term effects on membrane enzyme cyst epithelium, proliferative changes to occur, it may promote the occurrence of cancer.
3. Sclerosing cholangitis with bile duct disease, fibrosis is characterized by large, can cause localized or multiple segmental bile duct stricture, sclerosing cholangiocarcinoma is sometimes difficult to distinguish. Most data have shown that primary sclerosing cholangitis human cholangiocarcinoma generally higher than chance, the two are closely related.
4. Chronic ulcerative colitis and sclerosing cholangitis often coexist, the incidence of bile duct cancer is about 10 times the general population, usually multifocal was very poor prognosis. Chronic ulcerative colitis is often accompanied by chronic portal vein bacteremia, which may be related sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma.
The cause of cholangiocarcinoma, 5. Other Wha Koo sinensis infection is more common in southern China, can cause chronic inflammation of bile duct system, body and its metabolites may also stimulate the bile duct epithelial hyperplasia, cancer. Other long-term stimulation of bile duct epithelium or damage to the mucous membrane of factors may be the incentive for cholangiocarcinoma.