The vast majority of esophageal cancer occurred in esophageal mucosa, a small number of sources in the leaf tissue sarcoma embryo. Esophageal cancer in more than 95% of squamous cell carcinoma, a small number of ectopic origin of the esophageal glands or gastric adenocarcinoma, squamous cell and adenocarcinoma occasionally combined with a cancer in the gland or gland carcinoma gland cancer known as squamous metaplasia and spine cancer.
Histological type of esophageal cancer (1) squamous cell carcinoma: esophageal cancer accounts for more than 90%, occurred in the esophageal squamous epithelium, can be found in any part of the esophagus, but in the middle of the esophagus, followed by the next paragraph. Polygonal cells, cell borders clearly, and sometimes the bridge can be seen between cells. Located in the central nucleus of cells, were round or oval, showing mitotic cancer cells showed a nested structure, with varying degrees of differentiation, the formation of cancer and some beads, visible central keratinized cancer nest.
Histological type of esophageal cancer (2) Cancer: Esophageal adenocarcinoma is less common, and more from the esophageal gland, a small number of disease from ectopic gastric mucosa, the formation of pure cubic adenocarcinoma cells were cylindrical, nuclear were round, oval or rod-shaped, and the cell diameter parallel. Coarse nuclear chromatin, cell differentiation by different degrees of glandular-like structures. Another showed adenocarcinoma of the esophagus associated with adenocarcinoma squamous cell carcinoma, can be the bridge between horned into cells, cancer cells was cubic or cylindrical form, the proportion of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer due to different cases or tumor place to another. If the main well differentiated cancer, and small pieces adenocarcinoma cancer cell nests surrounded by very close with squamous metaplasia, known as glandular spine cancer, the third esophageal adenocarcinoma adenoid cystic carcinoma , this type is less common cancer was basal cell-like, composed of glandular sizes, such as sieve-like.
Histological type of esophageal cancer (3) Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma: a more rare for the esophageal cancer, cancer cells as small round cell or pleomorphic cells, scarce cytoplasm, chromatin stained nucleolus is not Ching, tumor cells were arranged in sheets or conflict of rules nested. A high degree of malignancy of this type.
Histological type of esophageal cancer (4) Sarcoma: from epithelial or mesenchymal tumor tissue sub-variable, multi-located in the lower esophageal tumor tissue, there are two components in the tumor tissue distribution of cancer in which the surface of many cancer cells as well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, a small number of undifferentiated carcinoma, adenoid cystic basal cell carcinoma as tumor. Sarcoma, spindle cell components and more often for the giant cell tumor of mixed malformations. Occasional smooth muscle, cartilage, bone-like tissue into a similar striated muscle sarcoma. This type of cancer is generally believed that a better prognosis.
In addition, the pathological often based on the progress of esophageal cancer type. Can be divided into: intraepithelial carcinoma or carcinoma in situ: epithelial cells occupied the whole layer, but the basement membrane integrity. mucosa into the early invasive cancer: carcinoma in situ, or involving a small number of cells have invaded the lamina propria, but did not penetrate the muscularis mucosa, invasive minimal. submucosal carcinoma or early invasive carcinoma: Pat cancer cells through muscularis mucosa into the submucosa, but not involving the muscle layer, no lymph node metastasis. advanced esophageal cancer: the cancer has penetrated the lower esophageal mucosa, or esophageal full-thickness myometrial invasion, and even the surrounding tissue, there are varying degrees of lymph node metastases.