HPV infection in the process of tumor formation has a very important role in the virus now known to cause reproductive tract, respectively, upper respiratory and digestive tract tumors.Papillary carcinoma of the virus most closely with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma pathology, KJ Syrjanen, who was first discovered in 1982, they were observed in esophageal cancer specimens in a similar kind of change in reproductive tract lesions in wet defects, suggesting that have HPV infection. Followed by B. Winkler and other methods by immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of HPV antigens. Since then, many reported a relationship between HPV and esophageal cancer. The esophagus and the upper reproductive tract are squamous cell cortex, and HPV status in cervical cancer have been identified in the very nature suggest the occurrence of HPV in esophageal cancer.
Found, HPV in esophageal cancer significance in the pathogenesis is still controversial, the infection rate as low as 0%, up to 77%. Detection means may detect esophageal cancer samples graded specimen source of environmental factors and geographical distribution of the degree of genetic susceptibility. Which seems more important environmental factor, the current relationship between HPV and esophageal cancer incidence was reported more areas, mostly in developing countries such as Asia and Africa, these areas are also high incidence of HPV infection. View from the detection, early detection methods and more use of molecular hybridization, such as in situ hybridization (in situ hybridization, ISH), or DNA hybridization (southern blot), the sensitivity and specificity are poor. PCR (poly-me rase chain reaction) the application of improved sensitivity. Such as L. Suzuk detected by ISH and Beijing, China Cincinnati specimens were negative, but after switching to PCR method, 110 cases of positive samples detected in 4 cases. ISH method were detected but there are also positive, but PCR was negative reports, suggesting that the detection rate between the two, and there is no clear hierarchical. It is noteworthy that, PCR positive rate of approach is likely to cause instability with the use of primer on. JM Walboomers and other HPV infection in cervical cancer detected large-scale negative to L1 and E1 region as target for amplification, the positive rate of detection compared to the low half of the E7 primers, indicating that integration of HPV DNA in the human genome are missing when and destruction, and many cases were negative due to insufficient sample could not be detected in [17J. Serological detection of HPV infection as an indirect way, can not determine HPV seropositivity is due to esophageal tissue or other parts of the body of infection, less difficult to interpret the results of applications, but because of its easy-to-census, to facilitate large scale screening, has also been a small number of researchers use a detection rate similar to other methods, the level differ, but no reports of high positive rate, most about 20%, the detection efficiency also needs further study.
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