Bladder cancer study of laser and photodynamic therapy can be divided into the following two:
Bladder cancer study of laser and photodynamic therapy (1) Nd: YAG laser treatment indications: for diameter <2cm, the tumor more limited, superficial, limited to teaching film, to teach the lower or light muscle membrane, in particular, pedunculated, T1 the best of the tumor; tumor near the ureteral orifice, the conventional surgical treatment may affect the function of the ureteral orifice; have a contraindication to conventional surgery or recurrence after surgery is not appropriate to carry out bladder resection, patients, and old age, poor general condition, not suitable for open bladder surgery.
Bladder cancer study of laser and photodynamic therapy (2) PDT: photodynamic therapy indications
bladder carcinoma in situ;
element method for advanced cases is surgery, this method can successfully control severe bladder hemorrhage, as a palliative treatment of advanced tumors;
by Jenett and Marshall staging of an OA, superficial, diameter <2cm tumor;
multiple recurrent tumors, surgical treatment of difficult persons;
multiple tumors, estimated to be healed after the first exposure;
For the location of the tumor is not easy to electrocautery, in short, this method is 1-2 for the treatment of pathological grade, superficial myometrial invasion did not exceed the superficial tumors.