It is not entirely clear, but the study found that in squamous metaplasia of intestinal epithelium through a special process of evolution to esophageal adenocarcinoma there are many important changes in cellular and molecular biology.
Barrett's esophagus carcinogenesis mechanisms (1) COX-2. COX-2 and the relationship between the digestive tract the majority of scholars has been positive. Studies have shown that application of NSAID (non-class anti-inflammatory drugs Simplified) can reduce the incidence of esophageal cancer. Immunohistochemistry and Westernblot analysis also shows that in the metaplastic mucosa of Barrett esophagus COX-2 upregulation, and in Barrett esophagus with low grade dysplasia to high dysplasia process, COX-2 expression gradually increased in the esophagus adenocarcinoma of the expression was consistently high, suggesting that COX-2 overexpression is an early event in Barrett esophageal carcinoma.
Barrett's esophagus carcinogenesis mechanisms (2) p53 protein. The results show that 60.0% of the p53 protein expression in esophageal cancer, mucosal hyperplasia and carcinoma in situ expression rate between 42.9% -66.7%. The positive expression of p53 in the differentiation of esophageal cancer, and its expression not only with the invasion and metastasis, but also has significant heterogeneity.
Barrett's esophagus carcinogenesis mechanisms (3) GST-II expression. Normal and simple hyperplasia in the mucosa, GST-II expression higher in dysplasia and carcinoma, its expression was significantly reduced, suggesting that GST-II is early in the process of esophageal cancer enzymology.
Barrett's esophagus carcinogenesis mechanisms (4) telomerase. Telomeres are the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, arranged by the TTAGGG repeat of six bases form a protective structure, its length can be shortened with cell division continued to shorten to a certain degree of cell division is no longer, so the decision was cell life. 85% _95% of the malignant cells express telomerase, telomerase activation maintaining a stable telomere length, allowing cancer cells to sustain proliferation, migration and access to immortalization. The process of esophageal carcinogenesis in Barrett, Morales and the Lord are found in the expression is increasing, and they think that the expression of telomerase is an early event in Barrett esophageal carcinoma.
Barrett's esophagus carcinogenesis mechanisms (5) cmyb. cmyb is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic transcription factors. Has been found in normal esophageal mucosa metaplasia in the process of mucosal adenocarcinoma cmyb mRNA expression.