Severe cancer pain drug – morphine, what is the treatment of opioid pain of moderate to severe major analgesic drugs, the effectiveness of high doses of easy adjustment, the risks and benefits that outweigh the costs. He slices through the central nervous system medicines were inside and outside the binding to specific receptors produce analgesia. Morphine as the World Health Organization recommended for severe cancer pain drug of choice, mainly due to the following aspects:
1. Morphine in the world are simply too many countries and regions can be and the price is not expensive.
2. For more in-depth study of morphine, had to understand the support from many points. Such as morphine pharmacokinetics, side effects, and antidote for morphine have been – opioid receptor antagonist naloxone.
3. Work time and half-life equal.
4. May at any time to increase the dose.
5. Can be administered by a variety of ways, oral administration of pain for a long time, less complications and increase the dose invalid.
When not orally, the choice of rectal administration, intravenous drip, intramuscular or subcutaneous and epidural administration or the retinal cavity. The majority of drugs after oral or rectal administration can better absorption, but absorption may be incomplete. Furthermore, the intestinal absorption of gauze, first in the liver through metabolism. Drugs were the fastest onset of intravenous, because drug absorption is not delayed. Therefore, changing the route of administration and drug formulations, drug dosage and frequency should be based on the response of each patient and the analgesic needs.
1. Able to do oral injections, oral morphine is the preferred route of administration, because oral most convenient and economic. Immediate-release morphine, controlled release agents and two. Controlled-release tablets once broken quickly after release, so do not chew the pill after taking on the patients can not swallow whole tablets should not use the controlled-release tablets. Small number of patients because of their illness during the last stage of stomatitis or swallowing difficulties and need to change the route of administration. Once the patient can not oral drugs, should consider other relatively non-invasive route of administration, such as rectal administration or percutaneous administration. Intravenous and subcutaneous injection may cause local irritation of skin or a vein. We already know that morphine is the treatment of cancer pain the most common and most effective drugs.
So, what dose the most appropriate?
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